关于英语动词不定式
的有关信息介绍如下:问题补充说明:我想问一下一般在什么情况下用动词不定式?
一、不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以省略to.
二、动词不编图与记须破排九书定式的特点:(1)没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语.
(2)动词不定式仍保留动词的益走特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语.动词不定式同它的宾语或状语可构成动词不定式短语.如:toreadabook;tosingattheparty.
(3)动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词贵医志的特征,因此,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语.
三、动词不定式作宾语.即不定式直接跟在谓语动词后,是谓语动词涉及的直接对象.如果没有这个不定式,这个句子的意思就让人难以理解.能直接带不定式作宾语的及物动词主要有:want,like,360问答love,need了所教校曾组皮把式,try,ask,learn新东西能培课振查,begin,s北企益tart,forget,rem声药口非极损又义迅识太ember,hope,wish,agree,cho要益握频ose,fail,refuse,decide,afford,offer,makesure,taketurns,wo甲左根断品uldlike,plan,hate,tryone’sbest等.
四、动词不定苦套项蒸意措半会测每掉式作宾语补足语.能用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有:ask,tell,get伯,order,wouldlike,want,teach,show,allow,encourage,warn,wish,invite,help等.
五、动词不定式作状语:即不定安垂沉五道沉非念沉式直接跟在谓语动词后,报协显胞换径案动尼仅对谓语动词起一个补充说明的作用.如果没有它,句子仍然意思完整,它不象作宾严角谁些独布落伯古城语那样,与谓语动甲均商它文求项固觉土词有着密切的关系.(1)表示鲜目的:Thedoctorcametooperate鲁济祖收春请商权鲁溶onher.Hehasgonetotowntodosomeshopp六种征穿析节福如物意块ing.Isatdowntohavearest.Hestoppedtohavealook.Herushedintotheroomtosavethegirl.Themovedawaythestonetoletthetrafficgo.Hegotuptocatchthetrain.
(2)表示结果:Thegirlcriedonlytomakehermotherangry.
(3)表示程度:Sheistootiredtowalkanyfarther.Sheisstrongenoughtocarrytheheavybox.
(4)表示原因:Iwassurprisedtoreadthenews.
能带不定式作状语的形容词有:glad,happy,pleased,angry,clever,careful,surprised,lucky,ready,sorry,amazed,afraid,sad,unhappy,sure,free,kind,nice,worried,easy,hard
六、不定式作定语:动词不定式作定语,一般要放在被修饰词的后面,不定式与所修饰的词构成动宾关系.Wehavelotsofworktodo.Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?Iwanttogetsomethingtoreadduringmyholiday.That’sadifficultquestiontoanswer.
【注意】如果动词不定式是不及物动词,后面就应有必要的介词.如:Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Givemeapieceofpapertowriteon.Hehasnothingtoworryabout.Thereisnotenoughspacetostandinontheearth..Sheisanicepersontoworkwith.aplacetogoto.
七、动词不定式作主语:如Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnoteasy.
在现代英语中,常用it来作形式主语,而把真正的动词不定式主语放在后面.即句型:
“Itis+形容词+for(of)sb.todosth.”中,当形容词是kind,nice,good,clever,careful,careless,right,wrong,foolish等表示人的性格特征时,用of;如果形容词为difficult,easy,hard,important,interesting,possible,necessary等表示事物的特征时,用for.Itisnecessary/important/easy/hard/possibleforustolearnEnglishwell.Itisverykind/nice/goodofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.
※在句型:主语+find/think/feel/make+it+形容词+todosth.中,it为形式宾语.
IfounditveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.IthinkiteasytolearnEnglishwell.
八、作表语:MyjobistoteachEnglish.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.
九、动词不定式和疑问词连用.动词不定式可以和疑问词what,which,how,when,where,who等连用,构成不定式短语,在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分.这时往往可以扩写成宾语从句;Thequestionishowtousethecomputer.
Idon’tknowwheretogoformyholiday=Idon’tknowwhereIcangoformyholiday.
Hecan’tdecidewhichbooktochoose.=Hecan’tdecidewhichbookhecanchoose.
Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext=Idon’tknowwhattodonext.
十、动词不定式的否定形式:notto+动词原形
Tellhimnottobelate.Iwilltrynottoreadinbed.
十一、动词不定式省略to的场合:(1)作动词let,make,have,feel,hear,see,watch,notice等的宾语补足语时,动词不定式不带to.Lethimdothework.Hemademeworkdayandnight.Isawhimfalloffthebike.
(2)作动词help的宾语补足语时,动词不定式可带to,也可不带to.
Hedidn’thelpme(to)mendthebike.Youhavehelped(to)protectourenvironment.
(3)在助动词和一些情态动词如will,would,shall,should,can,could,may,might,must,do,does,did,didn’t,don’t,doesn’t等的后面,用动词原形,即动词不定式不带to.
Willyouhelpme?Hedoesn’tlivehere.Itmightrain.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkontime.
(4)在whynot…?,hadbetter,wouldrather等的后面也跟不带to的动词不定式.(原形)
Whynotbuyadictionary?Youhadbetter(not)stayathome.Iwouldrathergoearly.
(5)在第二个不定式前一般不带to.Iwouldliketoliedownandgotosleep.
Doyouwanttoeatnoworwaittilllater?
※在下列答语中,to不能省略:-Willyoujoinmeinawalk?-Iwillbegladto.
-Willyougoswimmingwithmethisafternoon?-Iwouldloveto.
-Usedheworkinthefactory?-Yes,heusedto.
Exercises:
1.Wemustfindaperson(做这项工作)
2.Inmyfamily,mymotherisalwaysthefirstone(起床)
3.Doyouhave(什么问题要问)?
4.Thereare(许多重要事情要谈)
5.Thisbookis(不容易理解)
6.Hewastooexcited(说不出话来)
7.Doyouthinkhimeasy(容易相处)?
8.Youmustgethim(今晚顺便到这儿来)
9.Itwasnotgood(早晨起床晚)
10.Itwasamistake(没有帮他学英语)
11.Herwishis(成为一名大学生)
12.Whatworriesmeis(在会上演说些什么)
13.Itisourduty(保护家园)
14.Iopenedthedoor(让新鲜空气进来)