outline 怎么写

outline 怎么写

问题补充说明：outline 怎么写

第一个选择：

Anoutlinebreaksdownthepartsofyourthesi360问答sinaclear,hierarchicalmanner.Moststudentsfindthatwritinganoutlinebeforebeginningthepaperismosthelpfulinorganizingone'sthoughts.Ifyouroutlineisgood,yourpapershouldbeeasyt说敌移读跟战如搞owrite.

Thebasicformatforanoutlineusesanalternatingseries局建沉ofnumbersandletters,indentedaccordingly,toindicatelevels延训渐杆垂轴急由ofimportance.Hereisanex候盐画制苗夜收ampleofanoutlineonapaperaboutthedev开导架皮面elopmentofJapanesetheater:

OUTLINENOTES

I.Thesis:Japanesetheate料盾实底象东行rrosefromap夫为者京便深除念限opulartoelit度煤者减析述示呀升eandthenreturnedtoapopularartform.

II.Earlytheatricalfor朝扬息激师弦名简ms

A.Bugaku

B.Sarugaku

C.PrimitiveNoh

D.AuthorsandAudience

III.Nohtheater

A.Authors

B.Props

1.Masks

a.women

b.demons

c.oldmen

2.StructureofStage

C.Themes

1.Buddhi专米评章道却车调己伯预stinfluence

2.Thesupernatural

D.Kyogeninte第过载又误架毛应rludes

E.Audie死背文散益具直掌几东陈nce

IV.Ka端费buki

A.Authors

B.Pro统运构目两专做助品声度ps

1.make-up

2.specialeffects

C.Themes

1.Lovestories

2.别方呢块足切格江值谁宽Revenge

D.Audience

V.Bunraku(puppet)theater

A.Authors

B.Props

C.Th接工减要煤沿emes

1.Lovestories

2.Historicalromances

D云该进速.Audience

VI.ConclusionThethesisisstatedinthefirstsection,whichistheintroduction.

Thebodyfollowstheintroduction,andbreaksdownthepointstheauthorwishestomake.

Notethatsomesectionhavesubdivisions,othersdonot,dependingonthedemandsofthepaper.

Inthisoutline,II,III,&IVallhavesimilarstructure,butthiswillnotnecessarilybetrueforallpapers.Somemayonlyhavethreemajorsections,othersmorethanthefivegivenhere.

Yourconclusionshouldrestateyourthesis,andneverintroducenewmaterial.

第二个选择：

HowtoWriteanOutline

Whatisit?

Anoutlineisageneralplanofthematerialthatistobepresentedinaspeechorapaper.Theoutlineshowstheorderofthevarioustopics,therelativeimportanceofeach,andtherelationshipbetweenthevariousparts.

OrderinanOutline

Therearemanywaystoarrangethedifferentpartsofasubject.Sometimes,achronologicalarrangementworkswell.Atothertimes,aspatialarrangementisbestsuitedtothematerial.Themostcommonorderinoutlinesistogofromthegeneraltothespecific.Thismeansyoubeginwithageneralideaandthensupportitwithspecificexamples.

ThesisStatementofSummarizingSentence

Alloutlinesshouldbeginwithathesisstatementofsummarizingsentence.Thisthesissentencepresentsthecentralideaofthepaper.Itmustalwaysbeacomplete,grammaticalsentence,specificandbrief,whichexpressesthepointofviewyouaretakingtowardsthesubject.

TypesofOutlines

Thetwomaintypesofoutlinesarethetopicoutlineandthesentenceoutline.Inthetopicoutline,theheadingsaregiveninsinglewordsorbriefphrases.Inthesentenceoutline,alltheheadingsareexpressedincompletesentences.

RulesforOutlining

1.Subdividetopicsbyasystemofnumbersandletters,followedbyaperiod.

Example:

I.

A.

B.

1.

2.

a.

b.

II.

A.

B.

2.Eachheadingandsubheadingmusthaveatleasttwoparts.

3.Headingsforpartsofthepaperofspeechsuchas,IntroductionandConclusion,shouldnotbeused.

4.Beconsistent.Donotmixupthetwotypesofoutlines.Useeitherwholesentencesofbriefphrases,butnotboth.

Examples

TopicOutline

ChoicesinCollegeandAfter

Thesis:ThedecisionsIhavetomakeinchoosingcollegecourses,dependonlargerquestionsIambeginningtoaskmyselfaboutmylife’swork.

I.Twodecisionsdescribed

A.Arthistoryorchemistry

1.Professionalconsiderations

2.Personalconsiderations

B.AthirdyearofFrench?

1.Practicaladvantagesofknowingaforeignlanguage

2.Intellectualadvantages

3.Theissueofnecessity

II.Definitionoftheproblem

A.Decisionsaboutoccupation

B.Decisionsaboutakindoflifetolead

III.Temporaryresolutionoftheproblem

A.Toholdopenaprofessionalpossibility:chemistry

B.Totakeadvantageofculturalgainsalreadymade:French

SentenceOutline

ChoicesinCollegeandAfter

Thesis:ThedecisionsIhavetomakeinchoosingcollegecourses,dependonlargerquestionsIambeginningtoaskmyselfaboutmylife’swork.

I.Ihavetwodecisionstomakewithrespecttochoosingcollegecoursesintheimmediatefuture.

A.Oneiswhethertoelectacourseinarthistoryorinchemistry.

1.Onetimeinmylife,Iplannedtobeachemicalengineerprofessionally.

2.Ontheotherhand,Ienjoyartandplantotravelandseemoreofit.

B.TheseconddecisioniswhethertocontinueathirdyearofFrenchbeyondthebasiccollegerequirement.

1.Frenchmightbeusefulbothinengineeringandtravel.

2.Furthermore,IameagertoreadgoodbookswhicharewritteninFrench.

3.HownecessaryaretheseconsiderationsinthelightofothercoursesImighttakeinstead?

II.Myproblemcanbeputintheformofadilemmainvolvinglargerquestionsaboutmywholefuture.

A.OntheonehandIwanttoholdahighly-trainedpositioninalucrativeprofession.

B.OntheotherhandIwanttoleadacertainkindoflife,withcapacitiesforvaluesnotconnectedwiththemakingofmoney.

III.IwillhavetomakeadecisionbalancingtheconflictingneedsIhavedescribed.

A.Iwillholdopentheprofessionalpossibilitiesbyelectingchemistry.

B.IwillimproveandsolidifywhatculturalproficiencyinanotherlanguageIhavealreadygained,byelectingFrench.

第三个选择：

HowtoWriteanOutline

Anoutlineisalistoftopics,ofsentences,orofquestionsyouintendtoanswerinyouressay.Theoutlineistheover-allplanofyouressay.Itdetermineswhatcentralpointsyourpaperisgoingtomakeandhowtheywillbeorganized,tosupportyourthesis.

Steps

Allpartsoftheoutlineshouldbeconstructedandorganizedtosupportyourthesisorcentralpoint.Therefore,beforeyoubegintheoutlineyouhavetohaveasenseofwhatyouwillargueinthepaper:youhavetobeclearaboutyourthesisstatement.

MainCategories.Arrangeyourgeneralideasinmaincategories.Thesearethemaintopicsofyouressay.Arrangeyourmaincategoriesintheorderyoudiscussthem.

Tohelpyouarrangeyourcategories:lookatyourmaincategories,withyourthesisinmind,trytofindawaythatthelabelsmightbearrangedinasentenceortwothatsupportsyourargument.

Sub-categories(Paragraphs).Withineachgeneralcategorylistandarrangetheparagraphsthatsupportthecategory.

Sentences.Withineachsub-categorylistandarrangeyourspecificnotestosupporttheargumentmadeonthatparagraph.Thisistheorderofsentencesintheparagraph.

Thearrangementofcaregories,sub-categoriesandsentencesshouldpresentaclear,logicalargumenttosupportyourthesis.ReadhereaboutMethodsofprovingatopicsentence.

Also,thedifferentsectionsshouldrelatelogicallytoeachother.ReadhereaboutLogicinArgumentativeWriting.

Organizetheoutlineaccordingtoyourpurposes:Areyouattemptingtoshowthechronologyofsomehistoricaldevelopment,thecause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenonephenomenonandanother,theprocessbywhichsomethingisaccomplished,orthelogicofsomeposition?Areyoudefiningoranalyzingsomething?Comparingorcontrastingonethingtoanother?Presentinganargument(onesideorboth)?

Somemethodsoforganizing:

Climacticarrangement:onethatworksuptoyourstrongestpoint,whichisdeliveredasakindofgrandfinale.

Theinductiveargument:inwhichyoubuilduptheevidencefirst,andthendrawconclusions.

Aproblem-solutionformat:involvespresentingtheproblemfirstandthenoutliningthesolution.

MorePrinciplesofOrganization.

Tips

Asampleofatopicoutline.

Anoutlinecanbewrittenasatopicoutline,inwhichyouuseonlyshortphrasestosuggestideas,orasasentenceoutline,inwhichyouusefullsentences(evenverybriefparagraphs)toshowthedevelopmentofideasmorefully.

Warnings

Yourpaperdependsonit!Agoodoutlineenhancestheorganizationandcoherenceofyourpaper.Theoutlinecanhelpyouorganizeyourmaterial,stayfocused,beclear,discoverconnectionsbetweenpiecesofinformationthatyouweren'tawareof,makeyouawareofmaterialthatisnotreallyrelevanttothepurposesofyourpaper,helpyoufillingaps,etc.

WatchwhothatyoucommunicatewithifOn-Line.